VOlUME 04 ISSUE 07 JULY 2025
1Irish Elliane G. Belen, 2Cecilia Q. Velasco, EdD
1College Instructor, Laguna State Polytechnic University-San Pablo City Campus
2Professor, Graduate Studies and Applied Research (GSAR), Laguna State Polytechnic University-San Pablo City Campus
DOI : https://doi.org/10.58806/ijsshmr.2025.v4i7n18Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT
Philippine literature is a course subject in the curriculum of the College of Criminal Justice Education which is designed to give students the knowledge and skills it requires to participate in the development of building cultural identity. Students face challenges in language knowledge actualization since the course/subject Philippine Literature is taught in their second language, English. Hence, the decoding ability of the students need to be enhanced for them to be able to analyse the text presented through literary discussions. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of language mixing in teaching Philippine Literature in the narrative interpretation of tertiary students. This study used quantitative and a one-group pretest-post-test experimental research design, gathering data from the results of the pre-test and post-test. This study involves one (1) section of first year BS Criminology students, with twenty-six (26) male students and thirteen (13) female students, enrolled at Laguna State Polytechnic University-San Pablo City Campus, taking up the course/subject LIT 1: Philippine Literature, second semester of the current academic year 2024-2025. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used to organize, tabulate, and determine the results of the pre-test and post-test. Paired Samples T-Test was used to compare the mean scores of the respondents, based on the pre-test and post-test. Findings reveal that respondents mean on the pre-test score were 3.59 for Character Development, 3.10 for Theme Identification, 2.49 for Symbolism and Imagery, and 1.69 for Tone and Mood. Likewise, the result on the post-test score in terms of Theme Identification is 4.21, Character Development is 3.82, Tone and Mood is 3.49, and Symbolism and Imagery is 2.79. Which indicates that there is a significant effect between the use of language mixing in teaching Philippine Literature and the narrative interpretation of tertiary students. This indicates that there is a significant effect between the use of language mixing in teaching Philippine Literature and the narrative interpretation of tertiary students in terms of Tone and Mood and Theme Identification. While a more enhanced approach and further activities that could enhance their understanding of Character Development and Symbolism and Imagery.
KEYWORDS:Language Mixing, Narrative Interpretation, Character Development, Tone and Mood, Symbolism and Imagery, Theme Identification.
REFERENCES
1) Ahmed, Z. T., & Mohammed, A. H. (2024). CODE MIXING IN CONTEMPORARY ARAB- AMERICAN POETRY. JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES, 8(6), 103-113.
2) ALSHEIKH, N., & Masoud, K. M. (2022). Requirements and Barriers of Learning English for Specific Purposes: Criminology Cadets at AL ISTIQLAL University. Rihan Journal for Science Publishing, (21).
3) Anastassiou, F. (2017). Factors associated with the code mixing and code switching of multilingual children: An overview. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture, 4(3), 13-26.
4) Andrés, I. C. (2020). Enhancing Reading Comprehension through an Intensive Reading Approach. HOW, 27(1), 69-82.
5) Bennet-Kastor, T. (2008). Code-mixing in biliterate and multiliterate Irish literary texts. Estudios Irlandeses, 3, 29-41.
6) Berezhnaya, Y. (2022). Russian formalists and Russian literature. RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism. https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2022- 27-3-497-503.
7) Bhatti, A., Shamsudin, S., & Said, S. B. M. (2018). Code-Switching: A Useful Foreign Language Teaching Tool in EFL Classrooms. English Language Teaching, 11(6), 93-101.
8) Brown, D. (2021). How to Develop Fictional Characters: 8 Tips for Character Ddevelopment. (2021, August 27). Masterclass.com. Retrieved December 8, 2024, from https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-develop-fictional- characters
9) Bushnell, J. (2021). What is a Theme in Literature? || Definition & Examples. College of Liberal Arts. https://liberalarts.oregonstate.edu/wlf/what-theme
10) Cahyani,H., Courcy, M, & Barnett,. (2018). Teachers‟ code-switching in bilingual classrooms: exploring pedagogical and sociocultural functions. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 21(4), 465-479. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2016.1189509
11) Carter, A., Dixon, D., & Li, X. (2024). Literary discussions in the modern classroom: Online and in-person implementation strategies. International Journal of Technology in Education and Science (IJTES), 8(1), 152-163. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.532.
12) Dara, D. (2019). Investigating English reading comprehension problems of Cambodian high school students. American International Journal of Social Science, 8(3), 52- 56.
13) Daller, M., & Ongun, Z. (2018). The threshold hypothesis revisited: Bilingual lexical knowledge and non-verbal IQ development. International journal of bilingualism, 22(6), 675-694.
14) Dykhanova, A. (2015). Functions of code-switching and attitudes toward them: A case study (Master's thesis, Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU)-Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ)).
15) Ezeh, N. G., Umeh, I. A., & Anyanwu, E. C. (2022). Code Switching and Code Mixing in Teaching and Learning of English as a second language: Building on knowledge. English Language Teaching, 15(9), 106-113.
16) Even-Ezra, A. (2023). Medieval meaning makers: Addressing historical challenges and rejuvenating ritual through allegorical interpretation of the Liturgy. Church History, 92(3), 513-533.
17) Fachriyah, E. (2017). The functions of code switching in an English language classroom. Studies in English Language and Education, 4(2), 148-156.
18) Fadilah, I. N., & Astutik, Y. (2019). An analysis of code mixing and code switching used by teacher and students in english class. International Journal on Integrated Education, 3(1), 118-122.
19) Fleetwood, D. (2023). Quantitative Research: What it is, Practices & Methods. The Ex- perience Journal.
20) García, O., & Wei, L. (2015). Translanguaging, bilingualism, and bilingual education. The handbook of bilingual and multilingual education, 223-240.
21) Glatch, S. & Smith, J. (2024, June 10). Character Development Definition: A look at 40 character traits. Writers.com. https://writers.com/character-development- definition#what-is-character-development
22) Handrayani, D. (2022). Is Code Mixing Needed in English Teaching Process?: EFL Teacher’s Experience. Lingua Didaktika: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Pembelajaran Bahasa, 16(2), 185-92.
23) Hunter, G., & Bhardwa, B. (2022). Language barriers in the criminal justice system.
24) Jason, A (2024). Symbolism Definition and Examples in Literature | EssayPro.. https://essaypro.com/blog/symbolism-in-literature-What-Is-Imagery-and Symbolism,meanings-beyond-their-literal-interpretation.
25) Jiang, Y. L. B., García, G. E., & Willis, A. I. (2014). Code-mixing as a bilingual instructional strategy. Bilingual Research Journal, 37(3), 311-326.
26) Jogulu, L. (2024). CODE-SWITCHING AS A TEACHING AND LEARNING STRATEGY IN ESL CLASSROOMS. International Journal of Humanities, Philosophy and Language. https://doi.org/10.35631/ijhpl.726001.
27) Kana, I., Benu, N., Nenotek, S., & Beeh, N. (2023). The Use of Code Switching in Efl Classroom. Jurnal Basicedu. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v7i4.5953.
28) Kaur, S., & Sidhu, G. K. (2014). Evaluating the critical literacy practices of tertiary students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 123, 44-52.
29) Kekana, T., & Montle, M. (2023). The Language of Police Officers Matters: Factors Hampering Workplace English Writing Capability in the South African Police Services (SAPS). k@ta. https://doi.org/10.9744/kata.25.2.92-110.
30) Khairunnisa. (2016). “Code Mixing Analysis in English Teaching Learning Process at Senior High School 1 Takalar”. Thesis. English Education Department Tarbiyah And Teaching Science. Alauddin State Islamic University. Makassar
31) Kumar, T., Nukapangu, V., & Hassan, A. (2021). Effectiveness of code-switching in language classroom in India at primary level: a case of L2 teachers’ perspectives. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 11(4), 379-385.
32) Kuparashvili, M. (2020). Russian constructivism and formalism: on approaches of post- modernism. Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, 96- 110. https://doi.org/10.20339/phs.5-20.096.
33) Kustati, M. (2014). An analysis of code-mixing and code-switching in EFL teaching of cross cultural communication context. Al-Ta lim Journal, 21(3), 174-182.
34) Lestari, N. D., Putra, D. A., & Sembiring, L. T. A. B. (2020). An Analysis of Figurative Language in The Novel Let the Right One In. Literary Criticism, 7(02), 93-96.
35) Liveley, G. (2019). Russian formalism. Narratology. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199687701.003.0006.
36) Lobaton, V. P. Y., Salvador, R. T., & Oliveres, S. M. M. (2023). Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency and Critical Thinking Skills of Filipino Maritime Students. Available at SSRN 4488374.
37) Lvoff, B. (2021). Distant Reading in Russian Formalism and Russian Formalism in Distant Reading. Russian Literature, 122, 29-65.
38) Mabule, D. R. (2015). What is this? Is it code switching, code mixing or language alternating. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 5(1), 339-350.
39) Maloku, F., & Avdyli, M. (2023). RUSSIAN FORMALISM AND DEFAMILIARIZATION IN LANGUAGE. Ezikov Svyat (Orbis Linguarum). https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.v21.i1.5.
40) Manfei, X. U., Fralick, D., Zheng, J. Z., Wang, B., Xin, M. T., & Changyong, F. E. N. G. (2017). The differences and similarities between two-sample t-test and paired t- test. Shanghai archives of psychiatry, 29(3), 184.
41) Masrai, A. (2019). Vocabulary and reading comprehension revisited: Evidence for high-, mid-, and low-frequency vocabulary knowledge. Sage Open, 9(2), 2158244019845182.
42) Mauer, B., & Venecek, J. (2021). Interpreting literary works. Pressbooks. https://pressbooks.online.ucf.edu/strategies/chapter/interpreting-literary-works/
43) May, L., & Aziz, A. (2020). Teachers Use of Code-Switching in ESL Classrooms at a Chinese Vernacular Primary School. International Journal of English Language and Literature Studies, 9, 41- 55. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.23.2020.91.41.55.
44) Meigasuri, Z., & Soethama, P. L. (2020). Indonesian–English code-mixing in novel Touché by Windhy Puspitadewi. Journal of Arts and Humanities, 24(2), 135-142.
45) Melansari, N., Adu, B., & Narni, N. (2023). Code mixing used by the teacher in teaching English at SMP Negeri 14 Baubau. International Journal of Education, Language, Literature, Arts, Culture, and Social Humanities, 1(1), 14-28.
46) Melby-Lervåg, M., & Lervåg, A. (2014). Reading comprehension and its underlying components in second-language learners: A meta-analysis of studies comparing first-and second-language learners. Psychological bulletin, 140(2), 409.
47) Meniado, J. C. (2016). Metacognitive reading strategies, motivation, and reading comprehension performance of Saudi EFL students. English Language Teaching, 9(3), 117-129.
48) Moetia, M. (2018). Code mixing and code switching in the classroom interaction. English Education Journal, 9(2), 229-242.
49) Mustikawati, D. A. (2016). Code-mixing and code switching in the process of learning. Register Journal, 9(1).
50) Nadzir, A. A. M., & Halim, H. A. (2022). THE IMPLEMENTATION OF JIM CUMMINS’THEORY OF SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION IN ESL CLASSROOMS. Journal of Educational Research, 40, 1-13.
51) Nordquist, R. (2018, March 8). Definition and Examples of explication (Analysis). ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-an-explication-1690621
52) Norris, M. & Stone, L. (2022). What is the Difference between Mood and Tone? || Definitions and Examples. College of Liberal Arts. https://liberalarts.oregonstate.edu/wlf/what-difference-between-mood-and- tone-definitions-and-examples
53) Novianti, R., & Said, M. (2021). The use of code-switching and code-mixing in english teaching-learning process. Deiksis, 13(1), 82-92.
54) Office of the President of the Philippines. (2003). [Executive Order Nos. : 201 – 300]. Manila: Malacañang Records Office. Retrieved from: https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2003/05/17/executive-order-no-210-s-2003/
55) Öztürk, E. Ö., Müller, O., & Brown, E. (2023). Bilingualism in the Classroom: Exploring Teachers' Beliefs, Attitudes, and Practices. Research Studies in English Language Teaching and Learning, 1(1), 27-35.
56) Pae, T. (2018). A simultaneous analysis of relations between L1 and L2 skills in reading and writing. Reading research quarterly, 54(1), 109-124.
57) Pammu, A., Amir, Z., & Maasum, T. N. R. T. M. (2014). Metacognitive reading strategies of less proficient tertiary learners: A case study of EFL learners at a public university in Makassar, Indonesia. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 118, 357-364.
58) Rahmat, A. (2020). Code Mixing in EFL Classroom: Views from English Teachers Side. Al-Lisan: Jurnal Bahasa (e-Journal), 5(2), 130-147.
59) Raine, S. (2024). What is Russian Formalism? Perlego Knowledge Base. Retrieved from: https://www.perlego.com/knowledge/study-guides/what-is-russian- formalism/
60) Riaz, M., & Khan, M. K. (2013). Functions of code mixing: The adaptation of borrowed words for creating humour in Urdu poetry. Pakistan Journal of Languages and Translation Studies, 2, 45-57.
61) Roslan, F. S., Idris, N., & Sulaiman, J. (2023). Effectiveness of using code-switching and the perceptions of teachers in practicing code-switching in english classrooms in smk usj 23, selangor. Jurnal Al-Sirat, 23(1), 64-74.
62) Sabri, M. M. Z., Pratolo, B. W., & Basopi, P. (2019). How daily code mixing becomes a new strategy for teaching vocabulary mastery. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 13(4), 534-542.
63) Saigo, H. & Roundry, L. (2022) What is experimental research design? Retrieved from https://study.com/learn/lsson/experimental-reserc-design-study.html July 4, 2022
64) Saputri, E. W. (2014). An Analysis of Figurative Languages Used In Rick Riordan’s Novel. Faculty of Humanities, Dian Nuswantoro University, Semarang.
65) Sharma, G. (2017). Pros and cons of different sampling techniques. International journal of applied research, 3(7), 749-752.
66) Statistic Resources (2024). resources.nu.edu. https://resources.nu.edu/statsresources
67) Syafitri, D., & Marlinton, M. (2018). An Analysis of Figurative Language Used in Edgar Allan Poe’ s Poems. Linguistic, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal, 2(1), 43-59.
68) Tanjung, F., & Hakim, F. (2021). The Use of Code Mixing by English Education Department Students during Classroom Activity. JIIP-Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 4(8), 822-827.
69) Thongwichit, N., & Buripakdi, A. (2021). A Glimpse of Metacognitive Reading Strategy Instruction through Modeling Technique in ESP Class at the Tertiary Level. LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network, 14(1), 118-145.
VOlUME 04 ISSUE 07 JULY 2025
Indexed In