December 2025

VOlUME 04 ISSUE 12 December 2025
Trauma And Stress: The Effects of Trauma and Stress on our Psychological Well-Being
Özlem GÜRKAN
St. Clements University/Clinical Psychology Master's Student/Turkey ORCID ID: 0009-0006-3459-5163
DOI : https://doi.org/10.58806/ijsshmr.2025.v4i12n20

Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT

Understanding the effects of various adverse events that individuals are likely to encounter throughout their lives on their psychological health in a more in-depth and comprehensive manner can be said to be of fundamental and critical importance for the general well-being of society. Trauma and stress are widely accepted as experiences that create unexpected and intense emotional burdens, and these elements occupy a very important position among the factors that test individuals' psychological resilience. These processes can challenge individuals' mental balance and inner strength, while also testing their adaptive abilities in a probing manner, which can sometimes lead to negative and destructive outcomes. As for the definition of trauma, it is generally accepted as events that pose a serious threat or harm to a person's life, while stress is a broad concept encompassing all psychological and biological responses to such events. Both phenomena play a major role by creating direct and indirect effects on individuals' quality of life and mental health. In this context, the concept of psychological resilience clearly summarises individuals' ability to cope, recover, and adapt to challenging and stressful situations. Advanced psychological resilience not only increases the capacity to resist negative experiences such as trauma and stress but also strengthens the ability to undergo healthier recovery processes.

KEYWORDS:

Trauma-stress connection, factors contributing to stress formation, emotional burdens, threatening events, quality of life and mental health, advanced psychological resilience, healthy recovery processes

REFERENCES

1) Atalay, G. E. (2017). Reporting violence: Journalists and trauma. Marmara Communication Journal, 28, 21-32. doi: 10.17829/midr.20172833775

2) Balcı-Çelik, S., & Altınışık, M. S. (2021). Adaptation of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale to Turkish for social media users: Reliability and validity study. Turkish Psychological Counselling and Guidance Journal, 11(60), 1-12.

3) Barleycorn, D. (2019). Awareness of secondary traumatic stress in emergency nursing. Emergency Nurse, 27(5), 1-4. doi: 10.7748/en.2019.e1957

4) Bayraktar, S. (2012). Psychological Trauma. Nobel Medical Publishers. Bıçakçı, A. B., & Ergüney-Okumuş, F. E. (2023). Psychological effects of earthquakes and aid workers. Eurasia File Journal, 14(1), 218-248.

5) Costello, E., Erkanlı A., Keeler, G., & Angold, A. (2004). Distant trauma: A prospective study of the effects of September 11th on young adults in North Carolina. Applied Developmental Science, 8(4), 211–220. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532480xads0804_4Ediz,

6) Ç., & Dinçer, A. (2024). Turkish adaptation of the Indirect Trauma Scale caused by exposure to disasters through the media: Validity and reliability study. Journal of Disaster and Risk, 7(1), 33-46. doi: 10.35341/afet.1421473

7) Erdener, M. (2019). An examination of psychological resilience and secondary trauma stress levels among professionals working in the field of disasters [Unpublished master's thesis]. Hacettepe University.

8) Figley, C. R. (Ed.). (1995). Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder in those who treat traumatised individuals. Routledge.

9) Gündüz, B. (2020). Secondary traumatic stress experienced by professionals. Istanbul City University Journal of Human and Social Sciences, 1(1), 1-14. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1009691

10) Hall, M. (2016). The effects of vicarious trauma on life satisfaction in visual language interpreters [Unpublished bachelor's thesis]. King's University College.

11) Moreno-Jimenez, J. E., Demerouti, E., Blanco-Donoso, L. M., Chico-Fernandez, M., Iglesias-Bouzas,

12) M. I., & Garrosa, E. (2022). Passionate healthcare workers in demanding intensive care units: Its relationship with daily exhaustion, secondary traumatic stress, empathy, and self-compassion. Current Psychology, 42, 29387-29402.

13) Vrklevski, P. L., & Franklin, J. (2008). Vicarious trauma: The impact on solicitors of exposure to traumatic material. Traumatology, 14(1), 106-118. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534765607309961.

14) Wagaman, M. A., Geiger, J. M., Shockley, C., & Segal, E. A. (2015). The role of empathy in burnout, compassion satisfaction, and secondary traumatic stress among social workers.

VOlUME 04 ISSUE 12 December 2025

Indexed In