¹Prof. Dr. Pamir DİRİL, ²Hülya KARACA

¹St. Clements University/Department of Psychology Lecturer/Turkey
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8913-343X

²PhD Student St. Clements University, Psychology
ORCID ID: 0009-0002-0260-6607

DOI : https://doi.org/10.58806/ijsshmr.2025.v4i12n13

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ABSTRACT

Human responses to danger and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are complex and multi-layered. Understanding these processes requires an in-depth examination of the relationship between fear and memory. The brain's ability to develop rapid and effective responses to perceived threats is shaped by lifelong experiences and genetic characteristics. Fundamentally, threat-related information in the brain becomes functional through the collaborative work of various regions. The amygdala plays a central role in accelerating the fear response and evaluating threat perceptions, while hippocampal regions perform key functions in encoding and storing these experiences in memory. The harmony and interaction of these systems are shaped by individual differences and environmental factors. Furthermore, learning processes form the building blocks of fear memory systems related to danger through conditioning and repetition mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, these mechanisms play a critical role in the formation of adaptive responses that ensure survival and the continuation of the species. Therefore, the fundamental boundaries of threat perception and fear in the brain require a holistic understanding of both the neurobiological and psychological dimensions . In this context, the complex interactions occurring in the brain play a key role in our understanding of the processes of learning and remembering frightening situations and the reflection of this information in future behaviour.

KEYWORDS:

Neurobiological mechanisms, Amygdala, fear response, learning processes, neurobiological and psychological dimensions, interactions

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VOlUME 04 ISSUE 12 December 2025